Impact of toxy-nil as antimycotoxin on the disposition kinetics of lincomycin in broiler chickens

Pharmacokinetics of lincomycin was studied following single intravenous [I.V.] and oral administrations [20 mg. kg -1 b. wt] in both control and toxy-nil medicated chickens. Lincomycin plasma concentration was determined by microbological assay method. Following I.V. injection, lincomycin plasma concentration versus time curve was best fitted a 2-compartment open model. Toxynil significantly decreased both the distribution and elimination half-lives of lincomycin from 0.28 +/- 0.01 and 1.27 +/- 0.06h in the control group to 0.19 +/- 0.006 and 0.95 +/- 0.04 h in toxy-nil medicated chickens, respectively. The volume of drug distribution at steady state [V dss] and the rate of its total body clearance [CL B] were significantly increased in toxy-nil medicated chickens [1.72 +/- 0.08 L.Kg -1 and 1.95 +/- 0.07 L.Kg -1.h -1 respectively] as compared with that in the control ones [1.38 +/- 0.05 L.Kg -1 and 0.85 +/- 0.03 L.Kg -1.h -1, respectively]. Following oral administration, the absorption half-life [t 1/2 ab]was significantly prolonged in toxy-nil medicated birds than in the control ones [0.22 +/- 0.016 and 0.163 +/- 0.0 13 h, respectively]. This associated with a significant decrease in the drug peak plasma concentration [3.54 +/- 0.24 micro g. ml -1] than in the control one [11.56 +/- 0.75 micro g.ml -l]. The systemic bioavailability [F] was significantly decreased from 73.25 +/- 5.08% in the control group to 38.25 +/- 2.89% in toxy-nil medicated one. In concomitant administration of lincomycin and toxy-nil in broiler chickens should be hindered, as the interaction between both significantly reduces lincomycin oral absorption and enhance its elimination which consequently decreases its therapeutic efficacy

Renal impairment in jaundiced full term neonates

This study included eighty-five full term newborns with unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia due to ABO and RH incompatibility as well as twenty healthy age and sex matched full term newborns as a control group. None of the cases showed any other stress factor which may cause renal failure e.g. septicemia, asphyxia or diabetic mother. Abdominal ultrasonography was done to exclude cases renal abnormalities. All cases were subjected to full clinical examination. Laboratory investigations of blood samples were taken at the 15th day then at the 30th day of postnatal life for blood culture, Coomb's test, blood urea and serum sodium, potassium, creatinine and uric acid. Blood groups were determined for babies and their mothers. Urine samples were taken at the 5th, 15th and 30th day of postnatal life for urine analysis, total protein, microalbumin, B2-microglobulin, urinary creatinine, sodium and potassium